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<title>Non-English-based programming languages</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Non-English-based programming languages</span></span>

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<p><b>Non-English-based programming languages</b> are <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> that do not use keywords taken from or inspired by <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a> vocabulary.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevalence_of_English-based_programming_languages">Prevalence of English-based programming languages</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="English_in_computing" title="English in computing">English in computing</a></div>

<p>The use of the <a href="English_language" title="English language">English language</a> in the inspiration for the choice of elements, in particular for <a href="Keyword_(computer_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyword (computer programming)">keywords</a> in computer programming languages and code libraries, represents a significant trend in the history of language design. According to the HOPL online database of languages,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> out of the 8,500+ programming languages recorded, roughly 2,400 of them were developed in the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, 600 in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, 160 in <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and 75 in <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Thus, over a third of all programming languages have been developed in countries where English is the primary language. This does not take into account the usage share of each programming language, situations where a language was developed in a non-English-speaking country but used English to appeal to an international audience (see the case of <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> from the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a> from <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and <a href="Lua_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> from <a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>), and situations where it was based on another programming language which used English.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_programming_languages">International programming languages</h2></div>

<p>The concept of international-style programming languages was inspired by the work of British <a href="Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientists</a> <a href="Christopher_Strachey" title="Christopher Strachey">Christopher Strachey</a>, <a href="Peter_Landin" title="Peter Landin">Peter Landin</a>, and others. It represents a class of languages of which the line of the algorithmic languages <a href="ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> was exemplary.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ALGOL_68">ALGOL 68</h3></div>

<p><a href="ALGOL_68" title="ALGOL 68">ALGOL 68</a>'s standard document was published in numerous <a href="Natural_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural languages">natural languages</a>. The standard allowed the internationalization of the programming language. On December 20, 1968, the "Final Report" (MR 101) was adopted by the Working Group, then subsequently approved by the General Assembly of <a href="UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="IFIP" class="mw-redirect" title="IFIP">IFIP</a> for publication. Translations of the standard were made for <a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, and then later <a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>. The standard was also available in <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);"><a href="Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></span>. ALGOL 68 went on to become the <a href="GOST" title="GOST">GOST/ГОСТ</a>-27974-88 standard in the <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.

</p>

<ul><li>GOST 27974-88 Programming language ALGOL 68 – Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>GOST 27975-88 Programming language ALGOL 68 extended – Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68 расширенный<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>In English, Algol68's case statement reads <b>case</b> ~ <b>in</b> ~ <b>out</b> ~ <b>esac</b>. In <a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, this reads <b>выб</b> ~ <b>в</b> ~ <b>либо</b> ~ <b>быв</b>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citrine">Citrine</h3></div>

<p>Localization is the core feature of the <a href="Citrine_(programming_language)" title="Citrine (programming language)">Citrine Programming Language</a>. Citrine is designed to be translatable to every written human language. For instance the <a href="West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian language</a> version is called Citrine/FY. Citrine features localized keywords, localized numbers and localized punctuation. Users can translate code files from one language into another using a string-based approach. At the time of writing, Citrine supports 111 human languages. Support is not limited to well-known languages; all natural human languages up to <a href="Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale_(EGIDS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS)">EGIDS-6</a> are being accepted for inclusion.

</p>

<p>Hedy is an <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> programming language which was developed for programming education. It was designed to be as instructive as possible and as accessible as possible with a few unique features. As of September 2024 it supports 47 different languages,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning its keywords can be typed in any of those. It supports languages that do not use the <a href="Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> for their keywords and variable names and it also supports more numbering systems than <a href="Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>, like <a href="Eastern_Arabic_numerals" title="Eastern Arabic numerals">Eastern Arabic numerals</a>. All of these can be used interchangeably. The error messages are quite verbose, explaining what is wrong and what might be a fix.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scheme">Scheme</h3></div>

<p>While <a href="Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">internationalization</a> is not a part of any <a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a> standard, the expressiveness and flexibility of the language allows for the addition of internationalization as a <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/metaphorm/international-scheme/">International Scheme</a> is an <a href="Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> project to which anyone can contribute a translation. Since translations of Scheme can be loaded as libraries, Scheme programs can be <a href="Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">multilingual</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scratch">Scratch</h3></div>

<p><a href="Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a> is a block-based educational language. The text of the blocks is translated into many languages, and users can select different translations. Unicode characters are supported in variable and list names. (Scratch lists are not stored inside variables the way arrays or lists are handled in most languages. Variables only store strings, numbers, and, with workarounds, Boolean values, while lists are a separate data type that store sequences of these values.) Projects can be "translated" by simply changing the language of the editor, although this does not translate the variable names.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Based_on_non-English_languages">Based on non-English languages</h2></div>

<caption>Programming languages based on human languages other than English

</caption>

<th scope="col">Basis

</th>

<th scope="col">Name

</th>

<th scope="col">Description

</th>

<th scope="col">Link

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="1"><a href="Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a>

</td>

<td>Alsatran

</td>

<td>A version of <a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> with keywords and built-in identifiers all translated to Alsatian.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>

</td>

<td>AxumLight / Geez#

</td>

<td>Amharic-based programming language on the <a href=".NET_Core" class="mw-redirect" title=".NET Core">.NET</a> platform

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>BunnaScript

</td>

<td>A multilingual JavaScript and TypeScript programming language that enables writing computer code in the user's native language. Currently supports Amharic language.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="10"><a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>

</td>

<td>Al-Khawarizm

</td>

<td>Middle-level language for system programming with custom IDE. Intended for professional purpose. Supports Windows and Linux platforms. First design and development in 2008. Development status: active.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Jeem

</td>

<td>Arabic procedural programming language that uses features from both C and Pascal. Supports simple graphics. Intended for educational purposes. Developed by Mohammad Ammar Alsalka. Released in 2006.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ARLOGO

</td>

<td>An open-source language based on the UCB <a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a> interpreter.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ebda3

</td>

<td>A multi-paradigm high-level programming language.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>A <a href="Scheme_(programming_language)" title="Scheme (programming language)">Scheme</a>-like programming language.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Kalimat

</td>

<td>A programming language that aims to help Arab children learn about programming.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ammoria

</td>

<td>Object-oriented language

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Loughaty (MyProLang)

</td>

<td>A general-purpose <a href="Natural_language_programming" title="Natural language programming">natural</a> <a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> based on a proprietary syntax.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Phoenix

</td>

<td>A C-like high-level imperative procedural language.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Seen

</td>

<td>A Bilingual English/Arabic based language that transpiles to Rust.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a>

</td>

<td>Nasimi

</td>

<td>An Azerbaijani implementation of <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>

</td>

<td>ChaScript

</td>

<td>Built using <a href="ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> grammar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="4"><a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Chinese_BASIC" title="Chinese BASIC">Chinese BASIC</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>-localized <a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> dialects based on <a href="Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a>; for <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanese</a> <a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> <a href="List_of_Apple_II_clones" title="List of Apple II clones">clones</a> and the Multitech <a href="Microprofessor_II" title="Microprofessor II">Microprofessor II</a>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ChinesePython (ZhPy)

</td>

<td>A version of <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> with keywords and built-in identifiers all translated to Chinese.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Easy_Programming_Language" title="Easy Programming Language">Easy Programming Language</a>

</td>

<td>A Chinese <a href="Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">rapid application development</a> language.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Wenyan

</td>

<td>An esoteric language that closely follows the grammar and sentence structure of <a href="Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a>; it compiles to <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> and Python (with C, etc. forthcoming).

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/LingDong-/wenyan-lang">wenyan-lang</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wenyan-lang.lingdong.works">[12]</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> and <a href="Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Karel_(programming_language)#Variants_and_descendants" title="Karel (programming language)">Karel</a>

</td>

<td>An <a href="Educational_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational programming language">educational programming language</a> with Czech and Slovak versions.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>

</td>

<td>Superlogo

</td>

<td>Created for <a href="Virtual_learning_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning environment">computer-aided instruction</a>, based on <a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Drama

</td>

<td>An assembly language for educational purposes.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>

</td>

<td>sampo

</td>

<td>An educational <a href="Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a>-like programming language used in the 1980s by a high school in the city of <a href="Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Tampio

</td>

<td>Made to look like a natural language. Object-oriented.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/fergusq/tampio">tampio</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="7"><a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>

</td>

<td>GOTO++

</td>

<td>An esoteric programming language loosely based on French and English.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Linotte" title="Linotte">Linotte</a>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="LSE_(programming_language)" title="LSE (programming language)">LSE</a> (Language Symbolique d'Enseignement)

</td>

<td>A pedagogical programming language designed in the 1970s at the École Supérieure d'Électricité. A kind of BASIC, but with procedures, functions, and local variables, like in Pascal.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>BASICOIS

</td>

<td>BASIC with French keywords<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>Templating language with French syntax<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLangage" class="extiw external" title="fr:WLangage">WLangage</a>

</td>

<td><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinDev" class="extiw external" title="fr:WinDev">WinDev</a> programming language

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Rouille

</td>

<td><a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> translated into French<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/bnjbvr/rouille">rouille</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="3" scope="row"><a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a>

</td>

<td>Teuton

</td>

<td>A German implementation of <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Schlange

</td>

<td>Another German implementation of <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_Karol" class="extiw external" title="de:Robot Karol">Robot Karol</a>

</td>

<td>A 3D implementation and German translation of <a href="Karel_(programming_language)" title="Karel (programming language)">Karel</a> used for educational purposes in secondary education.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2" scope="row"><a href="Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>

</td>

<td>Glossa

</td>

<td>Based on <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, used for educational purposes in secondary education.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>M2000

</td>

<td>Programming Environment using Greek and or English Keywords. Basic like language (interpreter) with over 500 Keywords, including OOP, Threads, Events, Lambda Functions.

</td>

<td><a href="List_of_BASIC_dialects" title="List of BASIC dialects">List of BASIC dialects</a>,

<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/M2000Interpreter/Environment">Environment</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</p>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>

</td>

<td>Hapy

</td>

<td>Hausa Programming language that compiles to Python, for educational purposes.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/hapy-lang/hapy">Hapy Github page</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2" scope="row"><a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>

</td>

<td>TamliLogo

</td>

<td>A Hebrew implementation of <a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Genesis

</td>

<td>An esoteric programming language based on "Paleo-Hebrew".

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>

</td>

<td>OM Lang

</td>

<td>OM Lang is a multilingual, statically typed programming language that supports more than 9+ Indian languages. OM Lang is very similar to GO, C and Rust. It has its own interpreter and compiler.

</td>

<td>

<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omlang.com/">OM Lang</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omlang">OM Lang Android App</a>

</p>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Bharat programming language

</td>

<td>A Hindi programming language with core functionality like loops, function, classes, and structures. Its interpreter is written in Python, and can be installed locally or used online.

</td>

<td>

</p>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Kalaam.io

</td>

<td>Kalaam is a programming language in Hindi and has all the core functionality of a modern programming language, such as for loops, while loops, functions and conditional statements. Kalaam has its own parser, interpreter, virtual memory stack and it executes source code from a parse tree.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Bhailang

</td>

<td>Bhailang is a dynamically typed toy programming language based on an inside joke, written in Typescript.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Hindi Programming Language

</td>

<td>A Hindi programming language for the <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>W language

</td>

<td>A Hindi translated HTML language

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/rvenkatesh29/w_language">w language</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Hindawi_Programming_System" title="Hindawi Programming System">Hindawi Programming System</a>

</td>

<td>A set of variants of C, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="Lex_(software)" title="Lex (software)">lex</a>, <a href="Yacc" title="Yacc">yacc</a>, <a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">assembly</a>, <a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>, and <a href="Logo_(programming_language)" title="Logo (programming language)">Logo</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Fj%C3%B6lnir_(programming_language)" title="Fjölnir (programming language)">Fjölnir</a>

</td>

<td>An imperative programming language from the 1980s.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>

</td>

<td>BAIK

</td>

<td>C with Indonesian keywords.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/baik/">BAIK</a> on <a href="SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>

</td>

<td>Setanta

</td>

<td>High level general purpose language that runs in the browser. Contains a graphics API that can be used to make games and animations

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="3"><a href="Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>

</td>

<td>CadregaLisp

</td>

<td>A <a href="Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a> dialect based a comedian sketch of <a href="Aldo%2C_Giovanni_%26_Giacomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo">Aldo Giovanni and Giacomo</a>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/micheleriva/CadregaLisp">CadregaLisp</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>GomorraSQL

</td>

<td>A <a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> dialect based upon the Italian series <i><a href="Gomorrah_(TV_series)" title="Gomorrah (TV series)">Gomorrah</a></i>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/aurasphere/gomorra-sql">GomorraSQL</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Monicelli

</td>

<td>An esoteric programming language based upon the so-called "Supercazzola" of the movie <i><a href="My_Friends_(film)" title="My Friends (film)">My Friends</a></i>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/esseks/monicelli">monicelli</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="8" scope="row"><a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Dolittle_(programming_language)" title="Dolittle (programming language)">Dolittle</a>

</td>

<td>Developed for educational purposes. Freeware.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Himawari (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ひまわり</span></span></span>)

</td>

<td>Succeeded by Nadeshiko. Freeware.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Kotodama (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ことだま</span></span></span>) on Squeak

</td>

<td>Based on <a href="Squeak" title="Squeak">Squeak</a>. For educational purposes.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Mind

</td>

<td>A variant of <a href="Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">FORTH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Nadeshiko (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">なでしこ</span></span></span>)

</td>

<td>Successor of Himawari. Open source freeware. Chosen (along with MIT Scratch) in one of the 3 official textbooks of technical arts for junior high schools in Japan, from 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Produire

</td>

<td>An object-oriented Japanese programming language. Successor of TTSneo. Freeware.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>TTSneo

</td>

<td>A Japanese programming language. Succeeded by Produire. Freeware.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Unchiku (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">うんちく</span></span></span>)

</td>

<td>A Japanese programming language. Has limited functions/operations. Developed for educational purposes.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>

</td>

<td>sawa

</td>

<td>A Javanese translated Python language.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/lantip/sawa">sawa</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="4"><a href="Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>

</td>

<td>Ssiat

</td>

<td>A language using <a href="Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> (Korean). The name <i>Ssiat</i> (씨앗) means "seed" in Korean.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Aheui

</td>

<td>An <a href="Esoteric_programming_language" title="Esoteric programming language">esoteric programming language</a> similar to <a href="Befunge" title="Befunge">Befunge</a> but using Hangul<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Changjo

</td>

<td>A language using Hangul. It is used for multimedia and game programming.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>hForth

</td>

<td>A <a href="Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a> system with an optional Korean keyword set.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><a href="Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>

</td>

<td>Lusus

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Lingua::Romana::Perligata

</td>

<td>Alternative Syntax for <a href="Perl_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 5">Perl 5</a> that allows programming in Latin.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><a href="Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>

</td>

<td>LVskripts

</td>

<td>Javascript translated into Latvian.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dzzintars/LVskripts">LVskripts</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Dzintars

</td>

<td>Ruby translated into Latvian.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dzintars-valoda/dzintars">dzintars</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>

</td>

<td>Setonas

</td>

<td>Python translated into Lithuanian.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/Setonas/setonas">setonas</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>

</td>

<td>Malaybasic

</td>

<td><a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> with Malay keywords

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>

</td>

<td>Thengascript

</td>

<td>A dialect of <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> in the Malayalam language.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Malluscript

</td>

<td>An esoteric <a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting language</a> made with <a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> based on <a href="Manglish#Other_usage" title="Manglish">Manglish</a> with an aim to provide inclusivity and diversity in programming.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Plains_Cree_language" title="Plains Cree language">Nehiyawewin/Cree</a>

</td>

<td>Ancestral Code (Cree#)

</td>

<td>An <a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a> and language based on the <a href="Cree" title="Cree">Nehiyaw (Cree)</a> language and cultural storytelling practice.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="6" scope="row"><a href="Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>

</td>

<td>Farsinet

</td>

<td>An <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> programming language for <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a>. It is similar to C# and Delphi.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Kharazmi

</td>

<td>A Persian programming language and IDE designed to teach programming to middle school students, similar to <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Zangar

</td>

<td>Zangar (Persian for Rust) allows you to write Rust programs in Persian, using Persian keywords and function names. It is adapted from Rouille, the original French implementation of Rust.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ui-ce/zangar">zangar</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Kati (زبان کاتی)

</td>

<td>An online programming language in Persian language.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Hashemi (آقای هاشمی)

</td>

<td>forked from "SimpleLanguage" that is a simple example language built using the Truffle API.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mr-hashemi/mr-hashemi">mr-hashemi</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Simorgh (SPL)

</td>

<td>SPL has been invented with the aim that non-technical people would be able to produce their own portable applications which can be written in their own native language.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="4"><a href="Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>

</td>

<td>AC-Logo

</td>

<td>Logo with Polish commands IDŹ, OTO, NAPRZÓD etc. created in 1992

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>A language created in the 1950s and nicknamed the "Polish <a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>"

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>EOL

</td>

<td>Expression-Oriented Language allowed for the use of both Polish and English keywords.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Zdzich

</td>

<td>Amateur programming language for DOS.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>

</td>

<td>VisuAlg

</td>

<td>A language designed to teach programming, based on <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>potigol

</td>

<td>A functional programming language in Portuguese for beginners.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Portugol Studio

</td>

<td>based in C and <a href="PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> for learning purposes.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>G-Portugol

</td>

<td>A programming language with Portuguese keywords.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/thiago-silva/gpt">gpt</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>NPortugol

</td>

<td>A .NET Programming language for embedded scripts

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="11"><a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>

</td>

<td><a href="1C%3AEnterprise" title="1C:Enterprise">1C:Enterprise</a>

</td>

<td>A framework and language for business applications. English keywords can also be used.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Rapira" title="Rapira">РАПИРА</a>

</td>

<td>An interpreted procedural programming language with strong dynamic type system.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Аналитик">Аналитик</a>

</td>

<td>A language for symbolic manipulations with algebraic expressions used in the Soviet series of <a href="MIR_(computer)" title="MIR (computer)">MIR</a> computers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>A language for symbolic manipulations with algebraic expressions used in the Soviet series of <a href="Elbrus_(computer)" title="Elbrus (computer)">Elbrus</a> computers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ЯМБ

</td>

<td>ЯМБ (язык машин бухгалтерских) (machine language for accounting machines) – A Russian programming language for Iskra-554, Iskra-555, and Neva-501 specialized accounting computers.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>КуМир

</td>

<td>Similar to <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> and IDE, mainly intended for educational usage in schools. The name is an acronym, which means <i>Комплект ученический 'Мир'</i> ('Mir' student's environment).

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Robic" title="Robic">Робик</a>

</td>

<td>A simple language for teaching the basics of programming to children.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ЯАП

</td>

<td>A language used on <a href="Nairi_(computer)" title="Nairi (computer)">Nairi</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>АЛМИР-65

</td>

<td>A language used on <a href="MIR_(computer)" title="MIR (computer)">MIR</a>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>УАЯ

</td>

<td>A language to study programming

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ХУЯ

</td>

<td>A language to study programming

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>

</td>

</td>

<td>OM Lang is a <a href="Statically_typed" class="mw-redirect" title="Statically typed">statically typed</a>, <a href="Multilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilingual">multilingual</a> programming language with first-class support for Sanskrit. It claims to be the world's first Sanskrit programming language, offering Sanskrit keywords and syntax. The language aims to experiment with using Sanskrit in programming.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>

</td>

<td>Ћ плус плус

</td>

<td>Ћ плус плус (Serbian, "C plus plus") is a <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> like programming language based on <a href="Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceylonicus.vercel.app/">Ceylonicus</a>

</td>

<td>Ceylonicus, the first Sinhala-based programming language:

<p>Ceylonicus is an <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a>, <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a>, and <a href="Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a> programming language designed to bridge the gap between <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a> syntax within a unified codebase. As a Sinhala Programming Language, it empowers developers to express their ideas in both languages seamlessly. Ceylonicus is implemented in <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, and features a web-based environment, built using <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brython.info">Brython</a>.

</p>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceylonicus.vercel.app/">Run Online (WEB IDE)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/RezSat/Ceylonicus">Source Code Ceylonicus Source Code</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="9" scope="row"><a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>

</td>

<td>GarGar

</td>

<td>A procedural programming language based on <a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> for learning purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Vainilla

</td>

<td>A pseudocode interpreter for Spanish that runs in the browser.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="PSeInt" title="PSeInt">PSeInt</a>

</td>

<td>A pseudocode interpreter for Spanish, like Pascal, with a completely Spanish-based syntax. PSeInt is an abbreviation for <i>Pseudocode Interpreter</i>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Qriollo

</td>

<td>An impure strict functional programming language that compiles to C, Python, and JVM Bytecode, with keywords in <a href="Rioplatense_Spanish" title="Rioplatense Spanish">Rioplatense Spanish</a>, spoken in <a href="Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Latino

</td>

<td>A language with a completely Spanish-based syntax.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sí

</td>

<td>A direct translation pseudo-language for coding in C and C++ with Spanish keywords.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Pauscal

</td>

<td>A language with a completely Spanish-based syntax; compiler for 32-bit Windows.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>InformATE

</td>

<td>A translation of <a href="Inform" title="Inform">Inform</a>, used for creating text-based games.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>EsJS

</td>

<td>An interpreted programming language with Spanish syntax, based on JavaScript.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.js.org/">Website</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://editor.esjs.dev/">Playground</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aprender.esjs.dev/">Learn</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/es-js/esjs">esjs</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>

</td>

<td>swap

</td>

<td>Swahili Programming Language; it is an educational programming language built over Nodejs, It was built as way to help Swahili speakers to easily grasp the concept of coding and programming in general.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>

</td>

<td>Enkelt

</td>

<td>A language with a completely Swedish-based syntax. Transpiled to Python.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>

</td>

<td>Bato

</td>

<td>Ruby translated into Tagalog.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/jjuliano/bato">bato</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="8"><a href="Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Ezhil_(programming_language)" title="Ezhil (programming language)">Ezhil</a>

</td>

<td>Developed for educational purposes.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>eTamil

</td>

<td>The purpose of eTamil is to be an Indian DSL for Accounts & Fintech.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/Maruff/eTamil">eTamil</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Swaram

</td>

<td>A simple, general-purpose and procedural language.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Agaram

</td>

<td>A simple, Tamil programming language with interpreter and compiler.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/agaram-programming-language">Agaram-programming-language</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Niral

</td>

<td>A Tamil programming language with Tamil & Latin script.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Thendral

</td>

<td>Thendral is a transpiler - Translates thendral ( a scripting language in tamil ) to valid javascript

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/agaram-programming-language/thendral">thendral</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Maghilchi

</td>

<td>It is a interpreted language with a natural language-like syntax with tamil words.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>W language

</td>

<td>HTML translation in Tamil language

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/rvenkatesh29/w_language">w language</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>

</td>

<td>Yakamoz

</td>

<td>A Turkish implementation similar to that of <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>UrduScript

</td>

<td>A dialect of <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>

</td>

<td>Draig

</td>

<td>A Welsh implementation of <a href="Raku_(programming_language)" title="Raku (programming language)">Raku</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row"><a href="Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>

</td>

<td>Yorlang

</td>

<td>Built on top of <a href="Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>.

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td scope="row" rowspan="12"><i>Various</i>

</td>

</td>

<td>In one of its <a href="Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> editions, it was available in <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>. A version used in Bulgarian education with <a href="Pravetz_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravetz computers">Bulgarian Apple II clones</a> was translated in <a href="Bulgarian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian (language)">Bulgarian</a>. LOGO for the <a href="Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> had an <a href="Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> localization.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="4th_Dimension_(software)" title="4th Dimension (software)">4th Dimension</a>

</td>

<td>On local versions, its internal language uses <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a> or <a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a> keywords.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="FOCAL_(programming_language)" title="FOCAL (programming language)">FOCAL</a>

</td>

<td>Keywords were originally in English, but <a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> produced versions of FOCAL in several European languages.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>An educational programming language and development environment, designed to help young students start programming by building 3D animations and games. It is currently available in English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and Chinese.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">MS Word</a> and <a href="Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">MS Excel</a>

</td>

<td>Their <a href="Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macro</a> languages used to be localized in non-English languages.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ML4

</td>

<td>A language for client/server database programming, with keywords in English or German.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="RoboMind" title="RoboMind">RoboMind</a>

</td>

<td>An educational programming language available in <a href="Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, <a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, and <a href="Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a>

</td>

<td>An introductory <a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">visual programming</a> language from MIT's Media Lab with support for programming in multiple languages included as standard.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Catrobat" title="Catrobat">Catrobat</a>

</td>

<td>A visual programming language targeted at teenagers with support for more than 60 languages like Slovenian, Polish, Hindi, German, Romanian, Turkish, Norwegian, Akan, Twi, Hebrew, Chinese Simplified, Indonesian, Swedish, Chinese Traditional, Portuguese, Brazilian, Croatian, Bosnian, Thai, Japanese, Sindhi, Tamil, Swahili, Arabic, Persian, Korean, Serbian (Cyrillic), Serbian (Latin), Bengali, French, Slovak, Vietnamese, Italian, Macedonian, Russian, Portuguese, English, Canada, Czech, Sinhala, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Dutch, Catalan, Albanian, Pashto, Gujarati, Finnish, Malay, Lithuanian, Malayalam, Danish, Hungarian, Afrikaans, Kannada, Greek, Bulgarian, Galician, Urdu (Pakistan), English, Australia, English, United Kingdom, Telugu, Ukrainian, Hausa and Igbo.

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://github.com/Catrobat/">[58]</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

<td>The programming language used to drive the actions of the <a href="TECO_(text_editor)" title="TECO (text editor)">TECO text editor</a>. The MIT dialect of this language was used to program early versions of <a href="Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> before its 1985 rewrite in <a href="Emacs_Lisp" title="Emacs Lisp">Emacs Lisp</a>.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="TI-BASIC" title="TI-BASIC">TI-Calculator BASIC</a>

</td>

<td>The 68000 version is localized. Various configuration strings are localized too, preventing direct binary compatibility.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Citrine_(programming_language)" title="Citrine (programming language)">Citrine</a>

</td>

<td>Programming language that can be used to code in any native human language, includes a translator module to translate code from one human language to another. At the time of writing it supports English, Dutch, Lithuanian and Romanian.

</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Based_on_symbols_instead_of_keywords">Based on symbols instead of keywords</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a> – A language based on mathematical notation and abstractions.</li>

<li><a href="Brainfuck" title="Brainfuck">Brainfuck</a> – A minimalist esoteric programming language, created for the purpose of having the smallest possible <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Emojicode – An esoteric language based on <a href="Emoji" title="Emoji">Emojis</a>.</li>

<li>G – Graphical language used in <a href="LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a> (not to be confused with G-code).</li>

<li><a href="Urbit" title="Urbit">Hoon</a> – A systems programming language for Urbit, compiling to Nock.</li>

<li><a href="J_(programming_language)" title="J (programming language)">J</a> – An <a href="APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a>-like language which uses only <a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> special characters and adds <a href="Function-level_programming" title="Function-level programming">function-level programming</a>.</li>

<li>Light Pattern – A language which uses a series of photographs rather than text as source code.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Mouse_(programming_language)" title="Mouse (programming language)">Mouse</a> – A minimalist language created by Peter Grogono which uses ASCII characters for keywords.</li>

<li><a href="Piet_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piet (programming language)">Piet</a> – An art-based esoteric programming language.</li>

<li><a href="Plankalk%C3%BCl" title="Plankalkül">Plankalkül</a> – The first high-level non-von Neumann programming language, designed by <a href="Konrad_Zuse" title="Konrad Zuse">Konrad Zuse</a> during <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in <a href="Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Whitespace_(programming_language)" title="Whitespace (programming language)">Whitespace</a> – An esoteric language based on <a href="Whitespace_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitespace (computer science)">whitespace</a> characters (spaces, tabs, and line breaks).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modifiable_parser_syntax">Modifiable parser syntax</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babylscript.com/">Babylscript</a> – A multilingual version of JavaScript which uses multiple tokenizers to support localized keywords in different languages and which allows objects and functions to have different names in different languages.</li>

<li><a href="Component_Pascal" title="Component Pascal">Component Pascal</a> – A preprocessor that translates native-language keywords into English in an educational version of the <a href="BlackBox_Component_Builder" title="BlackBox Component Builder">BlackBox Component Builder</a> available as open source.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.inr.ac.ru/~info21/software.htm">[59]</a> The translation is controlled via a modifiable vocabulary and supported by modifiable compiler error messages. A complete Russian version is used in education, and it should be possible to accommodate other left-to-right languages (e.g., the <a href="Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian language</a> has been tried as a proof of concept).</li>

<li><a href="HyperTalk" title="HyperTalk">HyperTalk</a> – A programming language, which allows translation via custom resources, used in <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a>.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ironperunis.codeplex.com/">IronPerunis</a> – An IronPython 2.7 localization to Lithuanian and Russian.</li>

<li><a href="AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a> – A language which once allowed for different "dialects"<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including French and Japanese; however, these were removed in later versions.</li>

<li><a href="Maude_system" title="Maude system">Maude</a> – Completely user-definable syntax and semantics, within the bounds of the ASCII character set.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> – While Perl's keywords and function names are generally in English, it allows modification of its parser to modify the input language, such as in <a href="Damian_Conway" title="Damian Conway">Damian Conway</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~damian/papers/HTML/Perligata.html">Lingua::Romana::Perligata</a> module, which allows programs to be written in Latin or Michael G. Schwern's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metacpan.org/module/Lingua::tlhInganHol::yIghun">Lingua::tlhInganHol::yIghun</a> Perl language in Klingon. They do not just change the keywords but also the grammar to match the language.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ioke.org">Ioke</a> – Ioke is a folding language. It allows writing highly expressive code that writes code. Examples of same program in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/olabini/ioke/blob/master/examples/multilang/chinese/account.ik">Chinese</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/olabini/ioke/blob/master/examples/multilang/danish/account.ik">Danish</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/olabini/ioke/blob/master/examples/multilang/hindi/account.ik">Hindi</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/olabini/ioke/blob/master/examples/multilang/spanish/account.ik">Spanish</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hopl.info">HOPL (History of Programming Languages)</a>, advanced search finds languages by country.</span>

</li>

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<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vak.ru/lib/exe/fetch.php/book/gost/pdf/gost-27975-88.pdf">"GOST 27975-88 Programming language ALGOL 68 extended – Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68 расширенный"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Russian). <a href="GOST" title="GOST">GOST</a>. 1988<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hedycode.com/">"Hedy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Perrin" class="citation cs2">Jacques Perrin, <i>Conception entre science et art. Regards multiples sur la conception</i>, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/25/3914150/alb-programming-language-based-on-arabic-script">"Hello world: Meet قلب, a programming language based on Arabic script"</a>. 25 January 2013.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnet.me/english/editorials/business/industry/kalimat-first-arabic-programming-language-for-kids">"Arabnet | Kalimat: First Arabic Programming Language for Kids"</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>ChaScript: Breaking the language barrier using Bengali programming system</i>, IEEE, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICECE.2014.7026875">10.1109/ICECE.2014.7026875</a>, <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39503002">39503002</a></cite>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLabelle" class="citation cs2">Labelle, Marcel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/qf/1983-n50-qf1210773/55407ac.pdf"><i>Les langages de programmation</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSpip_documentation_team" class="citation cs2">Spip documentation team, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spip.net/@"><i>Language glossary</i></a></cite>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/bnjbvr/rouille"><i>Rouille language homepage</i></a>, 6 June 2022</cite>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKatagiri" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Katagiri, Akira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scripts-lab.co.jp/mind/ver8/doc/01-Mechanism.html"><bdi lang="ja">1 Mindのしくみと特徴</bdi></a> [Mind – its mechanism and features]. <i>Scripts Lab</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-31</span></span>. <q>(rough translation): Mind uses FORTH's mechanism. Even though FORTH was born in America, its grammar is similar to Japanese grammar.</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2">"Aheui", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esolangs.org/wiki/Aheui"><i>Esolang</i></a> (wiki)</cite>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ml-software.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10&Itemid=22"><i>C/S Entwicklungsumgebung ML4</i></a>, ML-Software</cite>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTemkin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Temkin (August 2015). "Light Pattern: Writing Code with Photographs". <i>Leonardo</i>. <b>48</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">375–</span>381. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FLEON_a_01091">10.1162/LEON_a_01091</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57571969">57571969</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCook2007" class="citation book cs1">Cook, William R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221501771">"Apple <i>Script</i>"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages</i>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1238844.1238845">10.1145/1238844.1238845</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781595937667</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220938191">220938191</a> – via <a href="ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lshift.net/blog/2006/06/05/language-design-in-maude">Language Design in Maude</a>, by Matthias, 2006/06/05, LShift Ltd.</span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFPigott2006" class="citation web cs1">Pigott, Diarmuid (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220044217/http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/">"HOPL, the History of Programming Languages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/">the original</a> on 2011-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-14</span></span>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051201183617/http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=2178">SAKO information page at HOPL</a> – By Diarmuid Pigott</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Programming_paradigms_(Comparison_by_language)368" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Programming paradigms</a> (<a href="Comparison_of_multi-paradigm_programming_languages" title="Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages">Comparison by language</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">Imperative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">Structured</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jackson_structured_programming" title="Jackson structured programming">Jackson structures</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_(programming)" title="Block (programming)">Block-structured</a></li>

<li><a href="Modular_programming" title="Modular programming">Modular</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-structured_programming" title="Non-structured programming">Non-structured</a></li>

<li><a href="Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">Procedural</a></li>

<li><a href="Programming_in_the_large_and_programming_in_the_small" title="Programming in the large and programming in the small">Programming in the large and in the small</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">Design by contract</a></li>

<li><a href="Invariant-based_programming" title="Invariant-based programming">Invariant-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Nested_function" title="Nested function">Nested function</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object-oriented</a><br>(<a href="Comparison_of_programming_languages_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented programming)">comparison</a>, <a href="List_of_object-oriented_programming_languages" title="List of object-oriented programming languages">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Class-based_programming" title="Class-based programming">Class-based</a>, <a href="Prototype-based_programming" title="Prototype-based programming">Prototype-based</a>, <a href="Object-based_language" title="Object-based language">Object-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Agent-oriented_programming" title="Agent-oriented programming">Agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Immutable_object" title="Immutable object">Immutable object</a></li>

<li><a href="Persistent_programming_language" title="Persistent programming language">Persistent</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniform_function_call_syntax" title="Uniform function call syntax">Uniform function call syntax</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Declarative_programming" title="Declarative programming">Declarative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">Functional</a><br>(<a href="Comparison_of_functional_programming_languages" title="Comparison of functional programming languages">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Recursion_(computer_science)" title="Recursion (computer science)">Recursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Anonymous_function" title="Anonymous function">Anonymous function</a> (<a href="Partial_application" title="Partial application">Partial application</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Higher-order_programming" title="Higher-order programming">Higher-order</a></li>

<li><a href="Purely_functional_programming" title="Purely functional programming">Purely functional</a></li>

<li><a href="Total_functional_programming" title="Total functional programming">Total</a></li>

<li><a href="Strict_programming_language" title="Strict programming language">Strict</a></li>

<li><a href="Generalized_algebraic_data_type" title="Generalized algebraic data type">GADTs</a></li>

<li><a href="Dependent_type" title="Dependent type">Dependent types</a></li>

<li><a href="Functional_logic_programming" title="Functional logic programming">Functional logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Tacit_programming" title="Tacit programming">Point-free style</a></li>

<li><a href="Expression-oriented_programming_language" title="Expression-oriented programming language">Expression-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Applicative_programming_language" title="Applicative programming language">Applicative</a>, <a href="Concatenative_programming_language" title="Concatenative programming language">Concatenative</a></li>

<li><a href="Function-level_programming" title="Function-level programming">Function-level</a>, <a href="Value-level_programming" title="Value-level programming">Value-level</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dataflow_programming" title="Dataflow programming">Dataflow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flow-based_programming" title="Flow-based programming">Flow-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Reactive_programming" title="Reactive programming">Reactive</a> (<a href="Functional_reactive_programming" title="Functional reactive programming">Functional reactive</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Signal_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal programming">Signals</a></li>

<li><a href="Stream_processing" title="Stream processing">Streams</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronous_programming_language" title="Synchronous programming language">Synchronous</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Logic_programming" title="Logic programming">Logic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abductive_logic_programming" title="Abductive logic programming">Abductive logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Answer_set_programming" title="Answer set programming">Answer set</a></li>

<li><a href="Constraint_programming" title="Constraint programming">Constraint</a> (<a href="Constraint_logic_programming" title="Constraint logic programming">Constraint logic</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Inductive_logic_programming" title="Inductive logic programming">Inductive logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Nondeterministic_programming" title="Nondeterministic programming">Nondeterministic</a></li>

<li><a href="Ontology_language" title="Ontology language">Ontology</a></li>

<li><a href="Probabilistic_logic_programming" title="Probabilistic logic programming">Probabilistic logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Query_language" title="Query language">Query</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Domain-specific_language" title="Domain-specific language">DSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algebraic_modeling_language" title="Algebraic modeling language">Algebraic modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Array_programming" title="Array programming">Array</a></li>

<li><a href="Automata-based_programming" title="Automata-based programming">Automata-based</a> (<a href="Action_language" title="Action language">Action</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Command_language" title="Command language">Command</a> (<a href="Spacecraft_command_language" title="Spacecraft command language">Spacecraft</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Differentiable_programming" title="Differentiable programming">Differentiable</a></li>

<li><a href="Grammar-oriented_programming" title="Grammar-oriented programming">Grammar-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Interface_description_language" title="Interface description language">Interface description</a></li>

<li><a href="Language-oriented_programming" title="Language-oriented programming">Language-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="List_comprehension" title="List comprehension">List comprehension</a></li>

<li><a href="Modeling_language" title="Modeling language">Modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural-language_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural-language programming">Natural language</a></li>

<li><a href="Page_description_language" title="Page description language">Page description</a></li>

<li><a href="Pipeline_(software)" title="Pipeline (software)">Pipes</a> and <a href="Filter_(software)" title="Filter (software)">filters</a></li>

<li><a href="Probabilistic_programming" title="Probabilistic programming">Probabilistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_programming" title="Quantum programming">Quantum</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_programming_language" title="Scientific programming language">Scientific</a></li>

<li><a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></li>

<li><a href="Set_theoretic_programming" title="Set theoretic programming">Set-theoretic</a></li>

<li><a href="Simulation_language" title="Simulation language">Simulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Stack-oriented_programming" title="Stack-oriented programming">Stack-based</a></li>

<li><a href="System_programming_language" title="System programming language">System</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactile_programming_language" title="Tactile programming language">Tactile</a></li>

<li><a href="Template_processor" title="Template processor">Templating</a></li>

<li><a href="Transformation_language" title="Transformation language">Transformation</a> (<a href="Graph_rewriting" title="Graph rewriting">Graph rewriting</a>, <a href="Production_system_(computer_science)" title="Production system (computer science)">Production</a>, <a href="Pattern_matching" title="Pattern matching">Pattern</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Visual_programming_language" title="Visual programming language">Visual</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Concurrent_computing" title="Concurrent computing">Concurrent</a>,<br><a href="Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed</a>,<br><a href="Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Actor_model" title="Actor model">Actor-based</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_mutual_exclusion" title="Automatic mutual exclusion">Automatic mutual exclusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Choreographic_programming" title="Choreographic programming">Choreographic programming</a></li>

<li><a href="Concurrent_logic_programming" title="Concurrent logic programming">Concurrent logic</a> (<a href="Concurrent_constraint_logic_programming" title="Concurrent constraint logic programming">Concurrent constraint logic</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Concurrent_object-oriented_programming" title="Concurrent object-oriented programming">Concurrent OO</a></li>

<li><a href="Macroprogramming" title="Macroprogramming">Macroprogramming</a></li>

<li><a href="Multitier_programming" title="Multitier programming">Multitier programming</a></li>

<li><a href="Organic_computing" title="Organic computing">Organic computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_programming_model" title="Parallel programming model">Parallel programming models</a></li>

<li><a href="Partitioned_global_address_space" title="Partitioned global address space">Partitioned global address space</a></li>

<li><a href="Process-oriented_programming" title="Process-oriented programming">Process-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Relativistic_programming" title="Relativistic programming">Relativistic programming</a></li>

<li><a href="Service-oriented_programming" title="Service-oriented programming">Service-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Structured_concurrency" title="Structured concurrency">Structured concurrency</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Metaprogramming" title="Metaprogramming">Metaprogramming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Attribute-oriented_programming" title="Attribute-oriented programming">Attribute-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_programming" title="Automatic programming">Automatic</a> (<a href="Inductive_programming" title="Inductive programming">Inductive</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_programming_language" title="Dynamic programming language">Dynamic</a></li>

<li><a href="Extensible_programming" title="Extensible programming">Extensible</a></li>

<li><a href="Generic_programming" title="Generic programming">Generic</a></li>

<li><a href="Homoiconicity" title="Homoiconicity">Homoiconicity</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_programming" title="Interactive programming">Interactive</a></li>

<li><a href="Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">Macro</a> (<a href="Hygienic_macro" title="Hygienic macro">Hygienic</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Metalinguistic_abstraction" title="Metalinguistic abstraction">Metalinguistic abstraction</a></li>

<li><a href="Multi-stage_programming" title="Multi-stage programming">Multi-stage</a></li>

<li><a href="Program_synthesis" title="Program synthesis">Program synthesis</a> (<a href="Bayesian_program_synthesis" title="Bayesian program synthesis">Bayesian</a>, <a href="Inferential_programming" title="Inferential programming">Inferential</a>, <a href="Programming_by_demonstration" title="Programming by demonstration">by demonstration</a>, <a href="Programming_by_example" title="Programming by example">by example</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Reflective_programming" title="Reflective programming">Reflective</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-modifying_code" title="Self-modifying code">Self-modifying code</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbolic_programming" title="Symbolic programming">Symbolic</a></li>

<li><a href="Template_metaprogramming" title="Template metaprogramming">Template</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Separation_of_concerns" title="Separation of concerns">Separation<br>of concerns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aspect-oriented_programming" title="Aspect-oriented programming">Aspects</a></li>

<li><a href="Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Components</a></li>

<li><a href="Data-driven_programming" title="Data-driven programming">Data-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Data-oriented_design" title="Data-oriented design">Data-oriented</a></li>

<li><a href="Event-driven_programming" title="Event-driven programming">Event-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Feature-oriented_programming" title="Feature-oriented programming">Features</a></li>

<li><a href="Literate_programming" title="Literate programming">Literate</a></li>

<li><a href="Role-oriented_programming" title="Role-oriented programming">Roles</a></li>

<li><a href="Subject-oriented_programming" title="Subject-oriented programming">Subjects</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_programming_languages107" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_programming_languages107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Types of programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Machine_code" title="Machine code">Machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="Compiled_language" title="Compiled language">Compiled</a></li>

<li><a href="Interpreted_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpreted language">Interpreted</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Low-level_programming_language" title="Low-level programming language">Low-level</a></li>

<li><a href="High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">High-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Very_high-level_programming_language" title="Very high-level programming language">Very high-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Esoteric_programming_language" title="Esoteric programming language">Esoteric</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language_generations" title="Programming language generations">Generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="First-generation_programming_language" title="First-generation programming language">First</a></li>

<li><a href="Second-generation_programming_language" title="Second-generation programming language">Second</a></li>

<li><a href="Third-generation_programming_language" title="Third-generation programming language">Third</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourth-generation_programming_language" title="Fourth-generation programming language">Fourth</a></li>

<li><a href="Fifth-generation_programming_language" title="Fifth-generation programming language">Fifth</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programming_languages625" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Programming_languages625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_programming_languages" title="History of programming languages">History</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>

<ul><li><a href="Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">classic</a></li>

<li><a href="COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a></li>

<li><a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elixir_(programming_language)" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li>

<li><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li>

<li><a href="Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li>

<li><a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b>Lists:</b> <a href="List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">Alphabetical</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_programming_languages_by_type" title="List of programming languages by type">Categorical</a></li>

<li><a href="Generational_list_of_programming_languages" title="Generational list of programming languages">Generational</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Non-English-based_programming_languages&oldid=1291058106">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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